I te tau 2025, i whakaurua pinepinetia ngā kaupapa here pūngao hou, ā, ka waiho te umanga kia pōuri. I tētahi wā tino nui e pukumahi ana te umanga katoa ki te mahi i te Tuhinga Nama 136, kua whakaputa te National Development and Reform Commission me te National Energy Administration i tētahi kaupapa here nui mō te hononga tika hiko matomato (te "Pānui mō ngā Take e pā ana ki te Whakatairanga Tika o te Whakawhanaketanga o te Hononga Tika Hiko Kakariki", e kiia nei i muri nei ko te "Pānui"), e whakarato ana i te tautoko taumata-whakarāpopototanga kaupapa here mō te umanga ki te tūhura i ngā horopaki tono hou i raro i te taiao whanaketanga o te hokohoko hiko.
Ina hoki, i mua i te whakaurunga o te kaupapa here ā-motu, kua whakaputahia e ngā porowini pērā i a Jiangsu me Inner Mongolia ngā tuhinga e tika ana mō te hononga hiko matomato tika, engari kāore he tuhinga mārama hei tautoko i ngā taipitopito whakatinanatanga o te hononga hiko matomato tika. Nā te whakaurunga o tēnei kaupapa here, mō te wā tuatahi, kua mārama te whakamāramatanga o te hononga hiko matomato tika, te ōwehenga o te hiko matomato, ngā whāinga whanaketanga, me te whakataunga utu i te taumata ā-motu.
"Ahakoa he tino uaua tonu te whakatinanatanga o te hononga tika o te hiko matomato i roto i te mahi tūturu, ko te whakaurunga o ngā kaupapa here ā-motu kua tautoko i ngā kaupapa here mō te ahunga whanaketanga e whai ake nei o te pūngao hou. Ki te kore, e kore rawa te hononga tika o te hiko matomato e puta he putanga hou," te kōrero a tētahi tohunga e mōhio ana ki te ia o ngā kaupapa here o te umanga ki a Photovoltaic.
Mai i tētahi atu tirohanga, hei tētahi o ngā horopaki mō te whakamahinga ā-rohe o te pūngao hou, ko te whai uara arumoni o te hononga tika o te hiko matomato ka whakawhirinaki ki te āhuatanga kawenga motuhake. Ko ngā kaupapa he nui te whakamahinga hiko me te nui o te tono mō te hiko matomato ko ngā horopaki tono tino whai uara arumoni mō te hononga tika o te hiko matomato.
Hononga tika hiko matomato, he kōwhiringa e peia ana e ngā tono maha
E ai ki te whakamāramatanga mana a te Komihana Whakawhanake me te Whakahoutanga ā-Motu, ko te whakaurunga o te tauira hononga tika hiko matomato e ahu mai ana i ngā take e toru: te whakatutuki i te hiahia mō te whakapaunga pūngao hou i te taha tata, ngā hiahia whakapaunga hiko matomato a ngā kaiwhakamahi, me te whakarato i ngā kōwhiringa maha atu mō ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te whakaiti i ā rātou utu hiko.
I roto i ēnei, he māmā ake te mārama ki te umanga mō te whakamahinga ā-rohe o te pūngao hou. Hei tauira, ko te whakaputa-ake me te whakamahinga-ake o te photovoltaic tohatoha, me te rokiroki-uta-pūtake-pūnaha whakauru, he tauira noa katoa o te whakamahinga ā-rohe. He rite ake te hononga tika o te mana matomato ki te mara peka o te whakaurunga rokiroki-uta-pūnaha-pūnaha, ā, he momo i raro i ngā tikanga here.
Whai muri i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki te umanga, kua kitea e ngā kamupene photovoltaic he maha ngā tautohe mō te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia hiko matomato a ngā kaiwhakamahi. E whakaaro ana ētahi tāngata, nā te mea kua whakauruhia ngā tiwhikete matomato ki te RE100, ka taea e ngā umanga kaweake te hoko tika i ngā tiwhikete matomato, nō reira he aha rātou me hono tika ai ki te hiko matomato?
I muri i te kōrero ki ngā tohunga e tika ana, i kitea e ngā tohunga photovoltaic kāore ngā tiwhikete matomato Haina i roto i te pūnaha e tika ana o te Kotahitanga o Ūropi i roto i te whānuitanga o te whakamanatanga. Ahakoa kua tino piki ake te whakamanatanga o ngā tiwhikete matomato Haina i roto i te tikanga whakatikatika rohe waro a te EU mā roto i ngā tikanga kōrero ā-kāwanatanga, i tēnei wā, kāore te Tikanga Whakatikatika Rohe Waro a te EU (CBAM) e whakamana ana i tētahi momo tiwhikete matomato. Ka whakamanahia noa e ia te hangarau hononga tika i waenga i ngā pūtake whakaputa hiko me ngā whare whakaputa, ngā whakaaetanga hoko hiko tinana rānei (PPA) kua hainatia i waenga i ngā kaihanga hiko me ngā kaihoko.
I runga i tēnei āhuatanga, i te aroaro o te nui o te hiahia mō te hiko matomato mai i ngā umanga kaweake, ko te hononga hiko matomato tika tētahi o ngā kōwhiringa pai rawa atu. I mua, ko te whakaurunga o te kaupapa here hononga hiko matomato tika i te Porowini o Jiangsu i ahu mai anō i ngā tono whakamahinga pūngao matomato a ngā umanga hokohoko ki tāwāhi. Mā te tauira hononga hiko matomato tika, mā te here i te whakamahinga tinana me ngā āhuatanga waro, ka whakaratohia he ara whakaiti waro iti te utu me te tino tutuki i ngā whakaritenga a ngā umanga, he mea tino pai mō ngā umanga e aro ana ki te kaweake me ngā umanga e kai nui ana i te pūngao.
Haunga ngā umanga e aro ana ki te kaweake, ko ngā kaihoko pūngao nui he hunga matua anō hoki i roto i te tauira hononga tika hiko matomato. I roto i ngā umanga e whakapau kaha ana ki te pūngao pērā i te konumohe hiko, te maitai, me te sima, kei ētahi ā rātou ake tipu hiko wera. "Ka taea e ēnei umanga he nui ngā kawenga hiko, mā te whakarato i ngā whare hau, te rā, me ngā whare rokiroki, me ētahi whare tuku, te whakamahi i te pānga tauine hei whakaiti i ngā utu hiko."
E ai ki ngā pūrongo, ka taea e tētahi kaupapa mara hinu i tētahi kawanatanga ki te rawhiti te whakatutuki i te utu hiko o te 0.2+ yuan ia kilowatt-haora mā te hono i tana tipu hiko ake ki ngā teihana hiko hau me te rā, he iti iho i te utu hoko o te whatunga hiko nui.
Ka taea te whai whakaaro ki ngā mōrearea haumitanga?
I muri i te matapakinga mēnā ka taea te whakamahi i te tauira pakihi, ko te āwangawanga e whai ake nei ko te take o te mōrearea haumitanga.
Ina hoki, ko te mea e rite ana ki te hononga tika o te mana matomato me te photovoltaic tohatoha me ngā tauira rokiroki pūngao ahumahi me te arumoni, ko te mea ki te arotakehia mai i te tirohanga a te haumi tuatoru, ko te kaiwhakamahi te mea tino koretake, pēnei i te pirau pakihi, te hekenga rānei o te whakamahinga hiko.
Koinei te take tino uaua mō te aromatawai ahumahi i raro i te tauira haumitanga tuatoru. Ehara i te mea ko ngā tikanga e rua kua whakahuatia i runga ake nei anake, engari ko ngā kaupapa pēnei i te hauwai, te haukini me te hanga waipiro mai i te pūngao hou me te rokiroki-pūtake-uta-uta whakauru, ko te koretake o te tono hiko, ko te hokonga rānei o te hauwai, te haukini me te waipiro te wāhanga tino uaua i roto i ngā whakataunga haumitanga.
Ko te huarahi pai ki te whakaoti rapanga i tēnei raruraru, ki te karo rānei i tēnei mōrearea i te mea ka taea, ko te here i te haumitanga ki ngā kaiwhakamahi. Koinei anō te take matua i piki haere ai te ōwehenga o te tauira haumi-ā-koe o ngā kaipupuri photovoltaic ahumahi me te arumoni i ngā rohe o Jiangsu me Zhejiang i ngā tau e rua kua pahure ake nei. I tētahi taha, he hiahia nui tō ēnei kaipupuri whenua ki te whakaiti i ngā utu hiko me te whakamahi i te hiko matomato. I tētahi atu taha, mā te haumi-ā-koe a ngā kaipupuri whenua ka karohia hoki ngā āwangawanga ka pā mai ki te haumitanga tuatoru, pērā i te pikinga o te whakamahinga hiko me ngā utu hiko.
E mārama ana, kua mōhiotia hoki tēnei e ngā mana whakahaere ā-motu. E kī ana te "Pānui" ka taea te haumi ki ngā pūtake hiko o te kaupapa e ngā kaiwhakamahi, e ngā umanga whakaputa hiko hou rānei, e ngā hononga tahi rānei i whakatūria e ngā taha e rua. Ko ngā raina motuhake hononga tika, i roto i te kaupapa matua, me haumi e ngā kaiwhakamahi me ngā hinonga tuku hiko. Mena ehara te pūtake hiko o te kaupapa me te kaiwhakamahi i te hinonga haumi kotahi, me haina he whakaaetanga hoko hiko maha-tau, he whakaaetanga whakahaere hiko kirimana rānei, ā, me haina ngā whakaaetanga mō ngā take pēnei i te hanganga whare hiko, te wehenga mana whenua, te whakahaere me te tiaki, te tuku me te whakahaere, te whanaungatanga whakataunga, me te nama mō te takahi i te kirimana hei karo i ngā mana me ngā kawenga kāore i te mārama, me te tiaki pai i ngā mana me ngā painga tika o te hinonga haumi.
Nō reira, ko te tauira pai rawa atu mō te hononga tika o te hiko matomato ko te haumi ā-iwi a ngā kaiwhakamahi. Heoi anō, ka taea hoki e ngā umanga tuatoru te whai wāhi atu ki ngā mahi tahi hei here i ngā kaiwhakamahi me te whakau i ngā tumanakohanga haumi.
Te whakataurite i te utu o te whakamahinga hiko me te tohatoha o ngā painga?
Mai i te tirohanga mahi a te tauira hononga tika hiko matomato, "Ko te ātete nui ki te korenga o ngā tauira e pā ana ki mua i te whakatairanga i ahu mai i te whatunga hiko. He rite tonu tēnei tauira ki te neke i te 'keke' o te whatunga hiko." He whakaae whānui tēnei i waenga i te hunga kua whai wāhi ki te haumi i ngā kaupapa e pā ana.
Nō reira, kua whakaarohia ngā painga o te tini o ngā rōpū i te tukunga o tēnei tuhinga hononga hiko matomato. Hei tango tika i te kawenga o te whakahaere pūnaha hiko me te kawenga pāpori, me te whakarei ake i te kaha o ngā whatunga hiko tūmatanui ki te whakarato tonu i ngā ratonga whakahaere mō te pūnaha hiko katoa, e hiahiatia ana e te Pānui kia utua e ngā kaupapa ngā utu tuku me te tohatoha, ngā utu whakahaere pūnaha, ngā tautoko whakawhiti kaupapa here, ngā moni kāwanatanga me ngā utu tāpiri, me ētahi atu, e ai ki ngā ture e tika ana a ngā mana whakahaere utu me te pūtea a te Kaunihera ā-Motu. Kāore e whakaaetia ngā rohe ki te whakaiti, ki te whakakore rānei i ngā utu e tika ana i roto i te takahi i ngā ture ā-motu.
E ai ki ngā urupare, ko te tautohetohe nui rawa atu mō ngā utu e hiahiatia ana mō te hononga tika ki te hiko matomato kua whakahuatia i runga ake nei. E whakapono ana ētahi o roto i te umanga mēnā he rite tonu ngā utu katoa e utua ana ki ērā o te whatunga hiko nui, "ko te pātai nui ko te iti ake, te nui ake rānei o te utu hiko mō ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga i tērā o te whatunga hiko?" Koinei tētahi o ngā take matua e whakatau ana mēnā ka taea e te tauira pakihi te mahi.
I kōrero ngā tohunga photovoltaic ki ngā tohunga e tika ana, ā, i kitea e rātou "I raro i te aratau hono-pūnaha, e tohu ana tēnei me whakamana tonu te whakamahinga hiko o ngā umanga e te pūnaha hiko nui. Nō reira, me utu ngā utu e tika ana mō te hoko hiko mai i te pūnaha hiko e ai ki te whakaritenga. Heoi anō, me whakaiti te utu tārua mō te wāhanga o te hiko e hono tika ana ki te pūnaha hiko matomato."
Kua kī mai ētahi o ngā kaitōrangapū o te umanga, ina honoa tika te hiko matomato ki te ngaohiko iti, tera pea he iti ake te utu o ngā raina motuhake i te utu o te tuku tawhiti mā te whakanui ngaohiko tino teitei. Heoi, kei reira anō ngā whakaaro kāore pea te utu raina motuhake me ētahi atu utu pakari e whai hua ake i te hoko hiko mai i te whatunga hiko nui i te mutunga. "Nō reira, ko te taea te whakatinana i te kaupapa ka whakawhirinaki ki te tatau ōhanga motuhake o ia kaupapa."
Mō ngā utu hiko, i whakahuatia i roto i te whakamaoritanga mana "Me whakatairanga tātou i ngā kaupapa hononga tika hiko matomato hei whakamahi i ō rātou ake pūmanawa ture, hei whakanui ake i te ōwehenga o te pūngao hou e whakaputahia ana e rātou anō me te paunga e rātou anō, hei whakaiti i te hiahia mō te kaha hono-pūnaha me te hiko e whiwhihia ana mai i te pūnaha hiko tūmatanui, hei penapena tika i ngā utu pūngao hiko me ngā utu ture pūnaha, ā, hei whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere kaupapa." I taua wā anō, me whakatairanga i te kaupapa hononga tika hiko matomato kia whai wāhi atu ki te mākete hiko katoa, kia arotau motuhake i te pihi whakaputa me te paunga hiko, ā, kia whiwhi hua tika mā te hokohoko i te pūngao hiko me ngā ratonga tāpiri i raro i te kaupapa o te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga ōwehenga o te hiko e whāngaihia ana ki te pūnaha.
I tētahi atu taha, i runga i te whakaaro ki te haumaru o te whakahaere i te whatunga hiko, kua whakatakotoria hoki e te "Pānui" he maha ngā here i roto i ngā ture taipitopito, tae atu ki te whakarite mārama me whakatutuki e ngā whatunga hiko nui me ngā kaupapa hononga tika hiko matomato ā rātou kawenga taurangi haumaru me te tuku e ai ki te atanga kawenga, me te whakatakoto i ngā whakaritenga mō ngā kaupapa hononga tika hiko matomato mai i ngā āhuatanga o te whakamahere, te hononga whatunga me te whakahaere, me te aro nui ki te whakarite i te haumaru o te whakahaere i te whatunga hiko nui.
Hei whakamutunga, i te mea he tuhinga i roa ake i te haurua tau te roa ki te tuku, kua tino puta ake te hononga tika o te hiko matomato i roto i te pūnaha me te tikanga. E whai whakaaro whānui ana hoki te tuhinga ki ngā painga o ngā rōpū maha, ā, he nui ngā taipitopito. Heoi, mai i te tirohanga pakihi, kāore e tika te hononga tika o te hiko matomato mō ngā āhuatanga katoa i tēnei wā. Koia tonu te whiringa tuatahi i roto i ngā taiao e nui ana te whakamahinga o te hiko, ngā kaihoko hiko nui, te tono nui o te hiko matomato, ngā taiao whatunga hiko ngoikore rānei.
He roa, he uaua te ara kei mua, engari ahakoa pēhea, ko te hononga tika o te hiko matomato he ara hou mō te wāhanga whanaketanga o te pūngao hou o Haina, ā, e tūhuratia ana hoki he ara mō ngā umanga e whai ana i ngā tono e pā ana.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-04-2025